一 | 　　来源：北京商报　　8月26日，北京商报记者获悉，国家医疗保障局印发《关于做好长期护理保险支付管理工作的指导意见》（以下简称《意见》）。　　在明确支付范围方面，《意见》提出，长期护理保险基金按规定支付失能等级定点评估机构提供的失能等级评估服务费用、定点长护服务机构提供的长期护理服务费用，以及依法依规引入的社会力量参与经办管理服务的费用等。

二 | 　　失能等级评估服务费用区分不同服务利用的情形，综合考虑评估结果等因素，由基金和个人承担，避免随意过度使用评估申请权。原则上参保人首次评估通过，以及按制度要求参加定期复评的服务费，由基金支付。

三 | 其中，按制度要求参加定期复评包括按照《长期护理保险失能等级评估管理办法（试行）》规定，经办机构在参保人评估结果有效期届满前组织开展的重新评估，以及根据工作需求组织开展的复评等。 Are 3D mammograms better than standard 2D imaging for catching advanced cancers?A clinical trial is recruiting thousands of volunteers — including a large number of Black women who face disparities in breast cancer death rates — to try to find out.People like Carole Stovall, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., have signed up for the study to help answer the question.“We all need a mammogram anyway, so why not do it with a study that allows the scientists to understand more and move closer to finding better treatments and ways of maybe even preventing it?” Stovall said.The underrepresentation of women and minorities in research is a long-simmering issue affecting health problems including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and COVID-19. Trials without diversity lead to gaps in understanding of how new treatments work for all people. “Until we get more Black women into clinical trials, we can’t change the science. And we need better science for Black bodies,” said Ricki Fairley, a breast cancer survivor and advocate who is working on the issue.Black women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and tend to be diagnosed younger. But it’s not clear whether 3D mammography is better for them, said Dr. Worta McCaskill-Stevens of the National Cancer Institute.“Are there populations for whom this might be important to have early diagnosis?" asked McCaskill-Stevens. "Or is it harmful,” causing too many false alarms or unneeded follow-up tests and treatments?McCaskill-Stevens, who is Black, leads NCI’s efforts to boost access to cancer research in minority and rural communities. She has joined the study herself.The newer 3D technique has been around for a decade, but there’s never been conclusive evidence that it's better than 2D at detecting advanced cancers. The screening technique combines multiple pictures of the breast taken from different angles to create a 3D-like image. Both 3D and 2D mammograms compress the breast and use low doses of radiation.Prior studies suggest that 3D finds more cancers than 2D, but catching more cancers doesn’t necessarily mean more lives saved. Some cancers missed by standard screening may not progress or need treatment. Previous studies did not randomly assign patients to a screening method, the gold standard for research.The notion “that if it’s new, it’s shiny, then it’s better,” isn’t necessarily true, McCaskill-Stevens said. “Until we have the evidence to support that, then we need well-designed randomized trials.”The trial has enrolled nearly 93,000 women so far with a goal of 128,000. The NCI-funded study is now running in Canada, South Korea, Peru, Argentina, Italy and 32 U.S. states. A site in Thailand will soon begin enrolling patients.“We added more international sites to enhance the trial’s diversity, particularly for Hispanic and Asian women,” said Dr. Etta Pisano, who leads the study. Overall, 42% of participants are Hispanic. As recruiting continues, enrolling Black women and other women of color will “absolutely” continue as a priority, Pisano said.Participants are randomly assigned to either 2D or 3D mammograms and are followed for several years. The number of advanced cancers detected by the two methods will be compared.At the U.S. study sites, 21% of study participants are Black women — that's higher than a typical cancer treatment study, in which 9% of participants are Black, McCaskill-Stevens said.The University of North Carolina has signed up more Black women than any other study site. Nearly a quarter of the nearly 3,000 women enrolled at UNC’s two locations are Black.“Women in North Carolina want to take part in something that’s bigger than them,” said Dr. Cherie Kuzmiak, who leads the UNC arm of the study. “They want this active role in helping determine the future of health care for women.”In Washington, D.C., word of mouth has led to successful recruiting. A chance encounter at her hair salon persuaded Stovall to join the research. While waiting for a hair appointment, she met Georgetown University cancer researcher Lucile Adams-Campbell. The two, both Black, started chatting.“She explained how important it was to get women of color into the program,” said Stovall, who jumped at the chance to catch up on her mammograms after the COVID-19 pandemic delayed screening for her and thousands of others.For Stovall, there was a personal reason to join the research. Her sister recently completed treatment for triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive type that affects Black women at higher rates than white women. Women ages 45 to 74 without a personal history of breast cancer are eligible for the study, which launched in 2017. Many women also are providing blood and cheek swab samples for a database that will be mined for insights.“It’s a dream that people had since the beginning of screening that we wouldn’t fit everybody into the same box,” Pisano said. The study's findings could “reduce disparities if we’re successful, assuming people have access to care.”Stovall, 72, had a brief scare when her mammogram, the traditional 2D type, showed something suspicious. A biopsy ruled out cancer.“I was extremely relieved,” Stovall said. “Everybody I know has heard from me about the need for them to go get a mammogram.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。

四 | 　　长期护理服务费用支付范围依据《国家长期护理保险服务项目目录》（以下简称《服务项目目录》）确定，符合《服务项目目录》的相关护理服务费用，由基金按规定支付。

五 | 超出支付范围的护理服务费用由参保人员个人或其他渠道支付。明确区分基本医疗保险、长期护理保险支付范围和情形，两项制度原则上不得重复支付。　　社会力量参与经办管理服务的相关费用，依协议约定从基金中支付，相关管理规定另行制定。　　在规范支付方式方面，《意见》提出，适应长期护理保险服务供给特点，按照科学合理、易行高效的原则，合理规范长期护理保险支付方式。评估服务以按人次付费为主。护理服务以按时长付费为主，区分不同服务类型合理确定时长计费单元，原则上居家护理服务以小时为付费单元；机构护理服务以床日为付费单元；社区护理服务根据提供服务具体情况确定付费单元。随着人口形势变化和制度发展，国家层面统一探索对纳入长期护理保险支付范围的智能化服务、支持性辅助器具等，采取按定额或按项目付费等方式。　　在合理确定支付标准方面，《意见》提出，根据长期护理保险基金支撑能力、参保人基本保障需求、长护服务供给情况等，合理确定长期护理保险支付标准，并动态调整。　　护理服务支付标准依据本地区经济发展水平、社会平均工资、相关行业费用水平、长期照护师等护理服务人员专业技能等分档设置。服务时长限额依据长期护理保险基金用于护理服务的年度支出预算、待遇享受人数、护理服务支付标准、支付比例等综合确定，并结合参保类型等予以调整。原则上单个项目服务时长不超过《服务项目目录》推荐的服务时长上限。参保人员基金年度最高支付限额不超过统筹地区上年度城乡居民人均可支配收入的50%。各地要统筹考虑居家、机构、社区等护理服务形式，做好按床日支付标准与按小时支付标准的比照衔接，鼓励使用居家和社区护理服务。各省级医保部门要加强统筹管理，指导省内各统筹地区间护理服务支付标准、支付时长等待遇水平相对统一，避免差异过大。　　评估服务支付标准依据本地区社会经济发展水平、评估人员资质、评估成本等综合确定，鼓励有条件的省份统一省域内评估服务支付标准。　　在严格基金管理和监督方面，《意见》提出，科学编制长期护理保险基金年度预算，加强预算绩效管理，做好基金会计核算，建立基金运行监控和风险防范机制。　　按规定做好失能等级评估、护理服务、引入社会力量参与经办管理服务等各项费用审核拨付工作。完善资金拨付管理，强化定点评估机构、定点长护服务机构以及社会力量经办机构绩效考核。完善结算管理机制，规范基金结算清算，加强经办智能审核，切实提高审核拨付效率。对于评估服务未按规定执行，评估通过率畸高畸低的；护理服务未按照护理服务计划执行、未达到《服务项目目录》要求的；以及社会力量经办机构未按规定管理的，基金将按一定比例扣除直至拒付。长期护理保险基金支付不得由第三方社会力量代管代拨。