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Germany Returns Artifacts Seized During Colonial Rule to Three African Nations_我的网站

A | The announcement was handed down by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, which approved 24 objects for return, including jewelry, tools, and fashion items.,“The decision makes clear that the issue of the return of items collected in a colonial context does not always come down to injustice,” foundation president Hermann Parzinger said in a statement. “The special significance – in particular spiritual – of an artifact for the community it originated from may also justify return.”,Included on the list is the shell-studded statue of Ngonnso’, the mother goddess of the Nso’ people of northwestern Cameroon, which was “donated” to Berlin’s Ethnological Museum in 1903 by a German military officer.,Also included were objects seized during the Maji Maji Rebellion, an anti-colonial upheaval that rocked German East Africa, a territory including modern-day Tanzania, Burundi and Rwanda, from 1905 to 1907. As many as 300,000 Africans were killed in Germany’s suppression of the uprising.,In May, the museum announced it was sending 23 stolen artifacts to Namibia on long-term loan, but was not returning them outright. Berlin reached a deal last year to admit it committed genocide against Namibia’s Herero and Nama peoples from 1904 to 1908, when they rose up against German colonization and were driven off their land and into the desert as punishment. The deal includes a $1.4 billion payment to Namibia, but the descendants of those who survived have called it insufficient to right the wrongs committed.,Germany to Pay Namibia $1.3Bln in Recognition of 20th Century Genocide28 May 2021, 07:13 GMT,Germany has also pledged to send other artifacts back to Africa, including the famous Benin Bronzes, intricate sculptures taken from the Kingdom of Benin, which is today part of Nigeria, despite the existence of the country of Benin, which was a German colony.,A study commissioned by the French government in 2018, another former major colonial power in Africa, found that more than 90% of African art is housed in museums outside the continent. However, even in Europe, much of the art pillaged by the Nazis in their continent-spanning wars in the 1930s and 1940s also has not been returned and continues to be traded.,The news also comes as the remains of Patrice Lumumba, the architect of Congo-Kinshasa’s independence and the country’s first leader, were returned to the Democratic Republic of the Congo by Belgium, the former colonial ruler. Lumumba was assassinated by the US and Belgian governments in 1961 for his left-wing politics. His remains have been prepared for burial in Haut-Katanga for June 30, which is DR Congo’s independence day.。

“9·11”恐怖袭击事件21年后，美国社会更安全了吗？答案恐怕是否定的。“9·11”后，美国发动“反恐战争”全方位阻截国际恐怖主义对本土的袭击，但本土恐怖主义却悄然蔓延。不仅如此，枪支暴力、政治暴力等多重暴力威胁笼罩美国社会，美国人的安全焦虑不减反增。据美国非营利组织“枪支暴力档案”（GVA）统计，截至当地时间9月12日，美国已有多达757名儿童（0—11岁）和3597名青少年（12—17岁）因枪击死亡或受伤。如果照这个速度发展，2022年全年美国因枪死伤的儿童和青少年数量都将超过2021年的水平，成为有统计数据以来最严重的一年。枪支暴力愈演愈烈在美国已经不是新闻了。就在刚刚过去的这个周末，美国又发生多起枪击事件，造成多人死伤。GVA数据显示，截至12日，美国已发生造成4人及以上伤亡的大规模枪击事件479起，平均每天有122人死于枪击。此起彼伏的枪声、无处不在的威胁、不断上升的伤亡数据都加剧了美国人的安全焦虑和恐慌。枪支暴力频发已经让美国人不知道什么地方才是安全的：“计划逃离的路线”“不再去当地的杂货店”“正在考虑离开这个国家”“害怕送孩子上学”……美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）7月的一项调查显示，在激增的枪击事件影响下，美国人的恐惧和焦虑与日俱增。在美国迟迟不能采取釜底抽薪的控枪措施的背景下，美国社会陷入了枪击案数量持续增长、美国枪支销量屡创新高的恶性循环中。GVA的数据显示，2020和2021年全美发生大规模枪击事件分别为610起和691起，涉枪死亡人数分别是43682人和45058人。

B | 而根据美国国家射击运动基金会（NSSF）统计，这两年全美分别售出了2100万和1850万支枪支，首次购枪人数分别为840万人和540万人，其中2020年首次购枪的人士中，还有23%在2021年又购买了至少一支枪。这表明，在过去两年时间里，美国人本就不多的安全感不断被削弱，越来越多人试图通过持枪保持安全感，但这又反过来加剧了枪支泛滥和枪支暴力，令社会更加动荡。而愈演愈烈的枪支暴力不过是美国国内暴力问题加剧的冰山一角。9月11日，美国国土安全部长马约卡斯在接受美国微软全国广播公司（MSNBC）采访时表示，美国的“国家威胁”已经从国外恐怖主义转为国内暴力极端分子，这种变化与恐怖主义意识形态、仇恨意识形态、反政府情绪、虚假信息等在美国国内传播有密切关系。可以说，过去几年美国政治极化加剧、社会持续撕裂、种族对立升级，成了美国戾气横行、暴力频发的“催化剂”。以国内恐怖主义为例，5月14日，美国纽约州布法罗市一家超市发生大规模枪击事件，造成10人死亡、3人受伤，枪手是18岁白人青年佩顿·金德伦。这起事件充分体现了种族主义、恐怖主义与政治社会极化对美国安全局势的严重负面影响：袭击者是一名信奉白人至上主义的极右翼人士，他选择攻击的目标则是一个仅有1%人口是白人的非洲裔社区的超市，在作案前他通过互联网发布了一份充满种族主义和极右翼意识形态的所谓“宣言”。美国《大西洋月刊》就直言：“金德伦并不孤单，他得到了一个为其‘猎杀’行为提供意识形态和方法的组织的支持”。与此同时，美国政治暴力也愈演愈烈。如果说2021年1月6日国会山骚乱抽走了美国自诩的“民主灯塔”的基石，那么今年8月美国联邦调查局搜查前总统特朗普住所事件，更是撕掉了“美式民主”的遮羞布。近年来，美式民主“画皮”后的真面目让全世界瞠目结舌：至今仍不承认竞选连任失败的前总统、将前任及其支持者称为“半法西斯主义者”的现总统、叫嚣美国将爆发内战的现任议员……美国前参议员小保罗·柯克9月3日在《波士顿环球报》撰文称，美国现在是一个到处充斥着武器的国家，如果不加控制，一些极端分子受虚假信息和阴谋论的蛊惑，有可能在即将到来的中期选举中点燃一场暴力政治内战。21年前，美国以“9·11”事件为借口发动“反恐战争”，将战火肆意引到世界其他国家和地区。21年过去了，美国可能防了外患，但却生了内乱。面对这样的局面，美国政客该好好反思了。